DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF
UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY
ABSTRACT
The uninterruptible power supply (UPS) is design to
help in the offices, workshops and house hold appliances, due to the unstable
power supply being supplied by (NEPA) presently known as Power Holding Company
of Nigeria (PHCN) usually supply to us. With the help of the “UPS” we don’t
need to depend much on PHCN it is stress free because it don’t need someone to
change it over when light goes off, once there is any power failure it will
automatically switched on and when power comes it will switch off and start
charging the battery. Another interesting thing in the UPS is that it does not
need any external charger for charging the battery when it goes low, it have
already built charger inside the UPS when there is light it will be charging
the battery.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover Page
Title Page
Approval Page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table Of Contents
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Inverter Section/Oscillation
Automatic Control Section
Aim Of The Design
CHAPTER TWO
DEFINITION OF TERMS/COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION
Resistors
Capacitors
Transistors
Field Effect Transistors
Relays
Diode
Transformer
CHAPTER THREE
SECTIONAL DECRIPTION FO THE SYSTEM
Oscillation Circuit Section
Circuit Operation
Waveform Of An Oscillation
Waveform Of An Inverter
Switching Circuit Section
Power Transformer And Inverter
Action
Precaution During Winding Of
Transformer
Automatic Circuit Section/Charger
Complete Circuit Diagram Of The Ups
CHAPTER FOUR
CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
Casing And Packing
Assembling Of Sections
Testing Of System Operation
CHAPTER FIVE
PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED, CONCLUSIONA ND Recommendation
Problems Encountered
Recommendation
CHAPTER SIX
COST ANALYSIS
References
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Uninterruptible
Power Supply (UPS) is used to continue the flow of current and also make
voltage to be steady as soon as NEPA source is interrupted. They are divided into various sections, which
are
1. INVERTER
SECTION
In this
section, the Direct Current (DC) voltage is converted into an Alternate Current
(AC) voltage with the help of the oscillation. An oscillator is an electronic
circuit that produces an output signal without any applied external input
signal.
The
inverter (Not Circuit) performs a basic logic function called inversion or
complementation. The purpose of the
inverter is to change on logic level (High/Low) to the opposite logic
level. In terms of bits, it changes a
‘I’ to a ‘O’ and vise versa.
This
section also consist of two stages of switching circuits which comprises of
FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS.
The
oscillator has two output terminals each of the switching circuits is coupled
to the two output terminals of the oscillator respectively. This is elaborated in the subsequent chapter.
2. AUTOMATIC
CONTROL SECTION
This
section produces all the required controls needed to meet up with the main aim
of the entire system. It controls
automatically ‘ON’ of the system into NEPA and hence obtaining a NEPA line as
the output of the system and same time linking battery charger into charging
the battery. Also switching “ON” of the
inverter into functional mode as soon as power interruption is experienced and
this is done by the automatic circuit. This automatic circuit makes sure that
no line is colliding by properly carrying out the exchange system with the help
of the relays.
AIM OF THE DESIGN
The
Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) provides the efficiency in the use of power
appliance by ensuring continuous availability of power supply in the absence of
NEPA source.
For a
better output to be produced, it is advisable to charge the battery to its full
condition and also make sure that the battery has enough ampere so as to
withstand much load.
To
eliminate excessive heat in the circuit, proper heat sink should be sued or a
cooling fan, so as to reduce any heat that on the transistors.
The rated
value for this UPS is 1000W at 240V and 50HZ. It is expected at all
condition being favourable to carry load of higher power factor at
approximation of the power stated. It can last for days depending on the
load. It is advisable not to overload it
because it can damage the circuit.
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