CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
The pumping of water is a basic and practical technique, far more practical than scooping it up with one’s hands or lifting it in a hand-held bucket. This is true whether the water is drawn from a fresh source, moved to a needed location, purified, or used for irrigation, washing, or sewage treatment, or for evacuating water from an undesirable location. Regardless of the outcome, the energy required to pump water is an extremely demanding component of water consumption. However, all other processes depend or benefit either from water descending from a higher elevation or some pressurized plumbing system (Morgan, 2011). Moreover, the ancient concept of the aqueduct took simple and eloquent advantage of maintaining elevation of water for as long and far a distance as possible. Thus, as water moves over great distances, it retains a larger component of its potential energy by spending small portions of this energy flowing down a slight gradation. Granted, a useful aqueduct system ultimately depends on a fresh water source existing at a higher elevation than the location where the water can be of use. Gravity does all the work. In all other instances, pumps are necessary (Akinola, 2010). Pumps are devices used to transfer water from point A to point B with pressure to overcome the resistance along its path. Pumps that pump directly into transmission lines and distribution systems are sometimes called high lift pumps. Pumping stations are facilities including pumps and equipment for pumping fluids from one place to another. They are used for a variety of infrastructure systems, such as the supply of water to channels, the drainage of low-lying land, and the removal of sewage to processing sites (Zvonimir and Jure, 2013).
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