CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
The human race indwells a dual world. The first is the original natural world of plants, animals, and water bodies etc., this world precedes the human existence by billions of years dating from the Precambrian, Palaeozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic Era till recent times which we are a part of now. Management Technology
The second is the world of social institutions and artefacts that we create for ourselves using science, technology and political organisation. These two worlds are essential to our lives, but harmonizing them successfully has caused a lasting tension. The early human inhabitants of the earth had very limited ability to alter their surroundings, but now we have developed tremendous ability to extract and consume resources, produce waste and modify our world in ways that now threatens our existence as humans and that of other organisms sharing the planet with us. In order to ensure a safe environment for ourselves and a sustainable future for generations unborn, there is the need to understand how the dual world works and what we can do to protect and improve the society. Management Technology
SOCIETY
The world we live in today consists of people with diverse societal values. The term society is very ambiguous, thus lacking a precise meaning and connotation (Ingiabuna, 2004:18). (Marshall, 1996) defined a society as a group of people who share a common culture, occupy a common territorial area, and feel themselves to constitute a unified and distant entity. In the sociological vocabulary, the term society refers to a group of people bounded by the complex pattern of the norms of interaction. It is viewed as a chain of social relationships (Shah, 2013:21). A relationship is social when it is determined by mutual awareness, that is, the behaviour of one individual influences the behaviour of another (Merton, 1938). Humans have established and lived in different types of societies characterized by unequal access to resources, prestige, knowledge and innovation. These societies can be summarized in the Pre-Industrial, Industrial and Post-Industrial Societies. Management Technology
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