CHAPTER 1: Introduction
Materials management is a coordinating function responsible for planning and controlling materials flow. Its objectives are as follows: Maximize the use of the firm’s resources. Provide the required level of customer service. Materials management can do much to improve a company’s profit.
Material handling involves short-distance movement within the confines of a building or between a building and a transportation vehicle. It utilizes a wide range of manual, semi-automated, and automated equipment and includes consideration of the protection, storage, and control of materials throughout their manufacturing, warehousing, distribution, consumption, and disposal. Material handling can be used to create time and place utility through the handling, storage, and control of material, as distinct from manufacturing, which creates form utility by changing the shape, form, and makeup of material. Material handling plays an important role in manufacturing and logistics, which together represent over 20% of the U.S. economy. Almost every item of physical commerce was transported on a conveyor or lift truck or other type of material handling equipment in manufacturing plants, warehouses, and retail stores. While material handling is usually required as part of every production worker’s job, over 650,000 people in the U.S. work as dedicated “material moving machine operators” and have a median annual wage of $31,530 (May 2012).These operators use material handling equipment to transport various goods in a variety of industrial settings including moving construction materials around building sites or moving goods onto ships
1.1 Background of the Study
Manual material handling ranges from movement of raw material, work in progress, finished goods, rejected, scraps, packing material, etc. These materials are of different shape and sizes as well as weight. Material handling is a systematic and scientific method of moving, packing and storing of material in appropriate and suitable location. The main objectives of material handling are as follows:
It should be able determine appropriate distance to be covered.
Facilitate the reduction in material damage as to improve quality.
Reducing overall manufacturing time by designing efficient material movement
Improve material flow control
Creation and encouragement of safe and hazard-free work condition
Improve productivity and efficiency
Better utilization of time and equipment
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