Abstract must be a single paragraph that summarizes the main findings of the paper in 150 words or fewer. A short list of keywords up to 10 should be included immediately after the abstract as index words. These words or phrases are used for indexing or searching services. Because the abstract will be published separately by abstracting services, it must be complete and understandable without reference to the text.

Introduction: Introduction should be as concise as possible, without subheadings. The introduction should present the purpose of the studies reported and their relationship to earlier work in the field. It should allow the readers to understand and evaluate the results of the present study without referring to previous publications on the topic. Results and Discussion: Results and Discussion may be combined and may be organized into subheadings. Methods: If brief (less than 200 words in total), they can be included in the text at an appropriate place.

Otherwise, they should be described at the end of the text in a ‘Methods’ section, subdivided by short, bold headings referring to methods used. Descriptions of methods already published should be avoided; a reference number can be provided to save space, with the new addition or variation briefly stated. This whole section should not exceed 800 words and should ideally be shorter. If more space is required for Methods, the editor may suggest use of online-only supplementary information for this purpose after submission and after receiving referees’ reports. Supplementary material is also peer-reviewed.

References (Nature style): References are each numbered, ordered sequentially as they appear in text, me hods, tables, figure legends. When cited in the text, reference numbers are superscript, not in brackets unless they are likely to be confused with a superscript number. The maximum number of references, strictly enforced, is 50 for full-length articles.

Only one publication can be listed for each number. Only articles that have been published or submitted to a named publication should be in the reference list; papers in preparation should be mentioned in the text with a list of authors (or initials if any of the authors are coauthors of the present contribution). Published conference abstracts, numbered patents and preprints on recognized servers may be included in reference lists. Please follow the style below in the published edition of ToxEHS in preparing reference lists. •

Authors should be included in reference lists unless there are more than five, in which case only the first author should be given, followed by ‘et al.’. • Authors should be listed surname first, followed by a comma and initials of given names. • Titles of articles cited in reference lists should be in upright, not italic text; the first word of the title is capitalized, the title written exactly as it appears in the work cited, ending with a full stop. Book titles are italic with all main words capitalized. Journal titles are italic and abbreviated according to common usage. • Volume numbers are bold. The publisher and city of publication are required for books cited. (Refer to published papers in ToxEHS for details.) •

References to web-only journals should give authors, article title and journal name above, followed by url in full or doi if known and the year of publication in parentheses. • References to websites should give authors if known, title of cited page, url in full, and year of posting in parentheses. •Examples: Reference to a journal publication Jones, R. B., Gordus, A., Krall, J. A. & MacBeath, G. A quantitative protein interaction network for the ErbB receptors using protein microarrays. Nature 439, 168-174 (2006). Reference to a book McKusick, V. A. in Mendelian Inheritance in Man 12th Edn (John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1998). Reference to a chapter in an edited book Bruce, M. E., Fraser, H., McBride, P. A., Scott, J. R. & Dickinson, A. G. in Prion Diseases of Humans and Animals (eds Prusiner, S. B., Collinge, J., Powell, J. & Anderton, B.) 497-508 (Ellis Horwood, New York, London, 1992).

Reference to a website Global Effluent Guidelines, (2007). Acknowledgements: Acknowledgements are brief and follow the reference list. Authors are encouraged to include a statement to specify the contributions of each coauthor. Acknowledgements contain grant or contribution numbers, but do not contain thanks to anonymous referees and editors, or effusive comments.

Tables: Table should each be presented on a separate page, portrait (not landscape) orientation, and upright on the page, not sideways. Tables have a short, one-line title in bold text. Upright roman (not bold or italic) type of the same size as the rest of the text is used. The body of the table should not contain horizontal or vertical rules; these will be added by ToxEHS when necessary after the paper has been accepted for publication.

Tables should be as small as possible. Bear in mind the size of a ToxEHS page as a limiting factor when compiling a table and ensure it will reduce appropriately. Symbols and abbreviations are defined immediately below the table, followed by essential descriptive mate rial as briefly as possible, all in double-spaced text. The preferred format for regular tables is Microsoft Word; however, WordPerfect and Acrobat PDF are also acceptable. Note that a straight Excel file is not currently an acceptable format.

Excel files must be either embedded in a Word or WordPerfect document or converted to PDF before being uploaded. Figure legends: Figure legends should be listed one after the other, as part of the text document, separate from the figure files. Please, do not write a legend below each figure. Each figure legend should begin with a brief title for the whole figure and continue with a short description of each panel and the symbols used.

For contributions with methods section, legends should not contain any details of methods, or exceed 100 words (fewer than 500 words in total for the whole paper). In contributions without methods sections, legends should be fewer than 300 words (800 words or fewer in total for the whole paper). Volume 8 Number 4 Special Issue November 2, 2016 This journal was supported by the Korean Federation of Science and Technology Societies (KOFST) Grant funded by the Korean Government.