CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
The foundation of every democratic
system of government is voting, whether the system uses representative or
direct governance. The joy of every voter is trust that each vote is recorded
and tallied with accuracy and impartiality.
Many
advanced countries today are now considering the option of Electronic voting
(e-voting) because of the numerous privileges and benefits it offers. The world
today is being shaped by innovations in information technology and therefore,
it is difficult to underestimate the use or application of Information
Technology in the administration of any activity particularly having to do with
the public.
There
are several ways of implementing Electronic voting which includes and not
limited to:
·
Authentication method which may involve
the use of username and password
·
Biometric which may involve the use of one
part of the body or the other.
·
Card system which may be in form of swiping
card made of chips on which information are stored.
·
RFID which is using Radio Frequency
transmission and reception technology to identify people
This project is
focused on an Electronic voting system with emphasis on Biometric particularly
(The Fingerprint) which provides accurate Identification and avoids
representation and proxy. It also involves making the system an open source
system.
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Considering existing
voting systems in Nigeria and other African countries, there has been a great
technological lag in the technology driving the voting systems so far. There is
a problem of impersonation, double voting and lack of central administration of
elections due to the non-usage of a well secured voting system. Having a voting
system without a perfect means of identification will lack the enumerated
below.
·
TRANSPARENCY
Election transparency requires full
public access to review all election system procedures in order to allow
meaningful public scrutiny and verification of ballot security, casting,
handling, tabulating, auditing and related election records and tabulations.
·
SECURITY
This is compromised when secrecy
surrounds the internal processing of votes and ballot tabulation. The security
of the vote and voting systems cannot be assured without transparency and
public verification.
·
ACCURACY
This cannot be assumed if the
counting process is performed unobserved and outside of public scrutiny and
verification.
·
RECOUNTABILITY
Recountability has traditionally
depended upon voter marked ballots. Machine generated paper trail systems are
not voter marked ballots. There is no assurance that these systems accurately
reproduce or tally the vote that was cast. Without voter marked ballots,
verification is not assured.
1.3
AIM AND OBJECTIVES
The
aim of this project is to develop an electronic voting system that will define transparency,
whose source code is available for modification or enhancement by anyone. The Specific
objectives expected from the development of this project are:
·
The design and implementation of a biometric
Based voting system
·
Make the developed biometric system to be
available at www.opengithub.com
1.4
SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The scope of this project will be
limited to fingerprint biometric voting system with verifiable paper ballot. The
networking capability will be limited to Local Area Network. The system will
work on pre-registered voters register database and will not consider voters
registration as part of the system.
1.5 METHODOLOGY
In
developing this system, Java programming language will be used. Reason for this
is that Java is an open source programming language which will give the needed
functionalities that the system requires. The nature of the system will require
a programming language that supports Biometric capture and manipulations and as
well as interactivity by multiple people.
The system will be built to be
distributable as jar and will be implementable on any operating system or
computer platform.
This system will be built as a client
server application pair where one of the applications will be the server and
the other will be the client.
Finally, MySQL Database Server will be
deployed into the system to provide storage of data that the application will
be consuming.
1.6 DEVELOPMENT
TOOLS
Considering the vast nature of the
technology involved in this project, Java programming will be our primary
programming choice because of the flexibility, broad scoped, portability and
adaptability of Java language for embedded system. Other tools intended for the
development of this project include:
·
MySQL
Database: The database will be designed with MySQL database
engine because of its availability, portability and compatibility with Java
systems.
·
Netbeans:
This development environment is needed for the development of the Java
programs.
·
Java
Script: This will be the scripting language for the
development of the client side interactivity of the website.
·
Dreamweaver:
This software will be used as studio to create PHP codes and html tags. All programming
shall be done using this studio.
·
Others:
There may be need to use other tools like notepad, Corel draw, phpMyAdmin etc.
1.7
LIMITATIONS
The
development and deployment of this system will make significant impact on the
management’s activities outside the class in the university but there will be
some limitations that are unavoidable presently.
Some
of these limitations are:
·
Power Supply still remains a strong
hindrance to the success of the implementation of a project like this. There
will be need to have reliable source of power supply during implementation
wherever the system will be adopted.
·
Infrastructure: There still remains the
problem of network and communication technology in our society. This will be a
serious threat to the success of this project.
·
Ignorance and level of awareness may also
be a factor of limitation on the part of the intended populace.
·
Network infrastructure will also limit the
deployment on the network.
1.8 SIGNIFICANCE
This
project is significant in election management and voting processes. As an open
source system, it will be an image booster for the institution.
1.9 BREAKDOWN OF OTHER
CHAPTERS
This
project will be made up of five chapters and the remaining four chapters are as
introduced below.
·
CHAPTER TWO
Literature review: In this chapter,
there will be a review several books, journals, materials and other literatures
on elections and voting. There will also
be a study and review of past works on finger print based information
management systems. There will a review of different theories and how
applicable they are to our system. Considerations on existing system to compare
their similarities and differences, their pros and cons will be made.
·
CHAPTER THREE
Analysis and Design: In this chapter,
there will be a discussion on our design processes. There will be an analysis of
the whole system design and how the execution of the system design was done.
This will include:
i.
Interface design
ii.
Database design and
iii.
System programming
·
CHAPTER FOUR
Implementation and testing: After building the
system, discussion will be made concerning all the specifications of the
developed system, the requirement, setting up the system and eventual testing
of the system.
·
CHAPTER FIVE
Summary
and Conclusions: This chapter shall conclude the project; there will be a
summary of all the process of completing the System and giving recommendation.
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