ABSTRACT
This work evaluates the antioxidant potential of Monodora myristica (African nutmeg). Monodora myristica extract was obtained by solvent extraction using n-hexane and used as treatment on freshly prepared crude palm kernel oil and palm oil. Equal volume of oil samples were subjected to different concentration of extract treatment (0.2ml,0.4ml, 0.6ml, 0.8ml, 1.0ml using syringe. These oil samples were equally divided into two groups SS and SR. Group SS was stored under the sun and group SR was stored in the room for three weeks. These treated oil samples were analyzed on weekly basis at two different parameters: Acid value (AV) of free fatty acid and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value, using standard methods. The main effect of extract was determined using ANOVA. For the two varieties of oil, the acid value of free fatty acid increased significantly (P<0.05) as the period extends for group SS without extract while those for group SR showed no significant increase. But AV of oil samples treated with higher extract concentration decreased significantly (P<0.05) for both groups SS and SR. TBA value also showed the same trend of AV. Hence, monodora myristica extract yielded reducing effect in the oxidative level of the oil varieties.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
Abstract
Table of content
List of tables
List of figure
Abbreviation
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Significance of study
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 African nutmeg (Monodora myristica)
2.1.1 Scientific classification
2.1.2 Habitat/ ecology of Mondora myristica
2.1.3 Characteristics/morphology of monodora myristica
2.2 Oil Palm
2.2.1 Scientific classification
2.2.2 Origin and description of palm oil
2.2.3 The Chemical composition of palm oil
2.2.4 Physical characteristics of palm oil products
2.3 Palm kernel oil
2.3.1 The chemical composition of palm kernel oil
2.4 Modern uses of palm oil and palm kernel oil
2.5 Lipid oxidation
2.5.1 Lipid oxidation pathway
2.5.2 Mechanism of oxidation
2.6 General antioxidant action
2.6.1 Mechanism of antioxidant action
2.6.2 Antioxidant molecules
2.7 General review of photochemistry of monodra myristica
2.7.1 Alkaloids
2.7.2 Flavonoids
2.7.3 Glycosids
2.7.4 Saponins
2.7.5 Tannins
2.8 Application of vegetable oils
2.8.1 Factors that cause oxidative rancidity in vegetable oil
2.9 Nutritional signification
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Materials and methods
3.1 Equipment/apparatus
3.2 procedurement of raw materials
3.3 Study design
3.4 Sample preparation
3.5 Chemical analysis
3.5.1 Determination of acid value (Av)
3.5.2 Determination of thiobarbituric acid number
3.6 Statistical analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Result and Discussion
4.1 Changes in Acid value of Palm Kernel and palm oil
4.2 Changes thiobarbituric acid value of palm kernel and palm oil.
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