ABSTRACT
The project work titled Design and construction of a metal detector. When fully design and implemented would be able to detect any metallic material that is passing or coming close. This function would serve as a security check for dangerous metallic material as an alarm. Going by the sophisticated means of armed rubbers adopt these days in the breaking into bank supermarkets offices and highly secured area. No security system will be optimized or complete without the installation of metal detector. This will stop or reduce to the bearest minimum the activities of men of the underworld. The device we then build we function as a metal detector that can scout out metal objects, such as coins, nails, keys such as car keys you may not be able to fine, and even gold if you’re looking for it in a beach (through this one may not have industrial strenght). This metal detector can detect certain kinds of metal- especially iron –containing metals, which are called ferrous meat, even if under a half-inch of drywell or sand.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title Page – – – – – – – – – – i
Approval Page – – – – – – – – – ii
Certification – – – – – – – – – iii
Dedication – – – – – – – – – iv
Acknowledgement – – – – – – – – v
Abstract – – – – – – – – – – vii
Table of Content – – – – – – – – viii
List of Figures – – – – – – – – – xii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Study – – – – – – 1
1.2 Problem Statement – – – — – – – 2
1.3 Objective of the Project – – – – – – 3
1.4 Significant of the Project – – – – – – 3
1.5 Methodology – – – – – – – – 4
1.6 Scope of the Project – – – – – – – 4
1.7 Project Outline – – – – – – – – 5
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 What a Metal Detector Is – – – – – – 7
2.1.1 Brief History of Metal Detector Evolution – – 8
2.2 Types of Metal Detectors Available – – – – 11
2.2.1 Pulse Induction (PI) Metal Detector – – – – 12
2.2.2 Industrial Metal (IM) Detector – – – – – 14
2.2.2.1 Basic operation of an IM Detector – – – 15
2.2.3 Coin/Treasure Metal Detector – – – – 16
2.3 Uses of Metal detectors – – – – – – 18
2.4 Principles Applied in the Project – – – – 19
2.4.1 Magnetism – – – – – – – – 19
2.4.1.1 Paramagnetism – – – – – – – 22
2.4.1.2 Ferromagnetism – – – – – – – 23
2.4.1.3 Diamagnetism – – – – – – – 26
2.4.1.4 Antiferromagnetism – – – – – – 27
2.4.1.5 Ferrimagnetism – – – – – – – 28
2.4.1.6 Superparamagnetism – – – – – – 29
2.4.1.7 Electromagnet – – – – – – – 29
2.5 Electromagnetism – – – – – – – 30
2.6 Brief Description of the Electronic Components Used – 33
2.6.1 Resistor – – – – – – – – – 33
2.6.2 Inductors – – – – – – — – 35
2.6.3 Capacitors – – – – – – – – 36
2.6.4 Transistors – – – – – – – – 37
2.6.5 TDA0161 – – – – – – – – – 37
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 Design of a Metal Detector Circuit – – – – 39
3.2 How this Metal Detector Works – – – – 39
3.3 Component Use for Design – – – – – 40
3.4 Metal Detector Schematic – – – – – 43
3.5 Explanation of Circuit – – – – – – 43
3.6 TDA0161 Proximity Detector IC – – – – 44
3.7 Resistor R1 and Potentiometer R2 – – – – 44
3.8 How to Use Metal Detector – – – – – 47
3.9 Power Supply Unit – – – – – – – 49
3.10 Principle of Operation of the Metal Detector – – 49
3.11 Calculations Involving Choice of Component and
their Functions – – – – – – – – 51
CHAPTER FOUR: SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
4.1 Testing – – – – – – – – – 56
4.2 Performance Evaluation – – – – – – 57
4.3 Project Packaging – – – – – – – 58
4.4 Bill of Engineering Measurement and Evaluation – 58
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
5.1 Summary of Achievements – – – – – 60
5.2 Problems Encountered and Solutions Adopted – 61
5.3 Contribution to Knowledge – – – – – – 63
5.4 Suggestions for Further Improvement – – – 63
5.6 Recommendation – – – – – – – 65
5.5 Conclusions – – – – – – – – 66
References – – – – – – – – – 68
Appendix – — – – – – – – – 70
LIST OF FIGURES
Fig 2.0: Magnetic domains in ferromagnetic material – 24
Fig 2.1: Effect of a magnet on the domains – – – 25
Fig 2.2: Antiferromagnetic ordering – – – – 27
Fig 2.3: Ferromagnetic ordering – – – – – 29
Fig. 2.4: A simple demonstration of Electromagnetism
Field – – – – – – – – – 32
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