CONTENTS

Preamble             –           –           –           –           –           –           –           3

Introduction        –           –           –           –           –           –           –           4

Part A:           The Classes

• 20 Main Classes    –           –           –           –           –           –           –           7
• 100 Divisions        –           –           –           –           –           –           –           8
• 500 Sections          –           –           –           –           –           –           –           12

The Schedule  –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           32

Part B:            The Tables

• TABLE 1 – Type/Area Subdivision         –           –           –           –           94
• TABLE 2 – Geographic Subdivision        –           –           –           –           97
• TABLE 3 – Language Subdivision          –           –           –           –           125

PART D:        The Index   –     –           –           —          –           –           127

PREAMBLE

This classification scheme for school libraries was developed as a result of the urgent need to solve the problem of either poor or zero organization of school library resources in Nigeria with special reference to Nsukka Education Zone. The scheme was developed after all possible adequate consultations and evaluations from proper authorities were conducted.

Findings generated from Post Primary School Board (PPSMB), Local Government Education Authority in Nsukka Local Government Area, school administrators, school librarians, etc suggested that there was an urgent need to develop a classification scheme for the organization of school library resources. Their recommendations basically from interview schedule and questionnaire proved that the research was timely and worthwhile.

The researcher nevertheless verified the above assertions through empirical data derived from observation checklist and document analysis guide. All the findings geared towards the essence of proper and efficient organization of school library resources.

In developing the scheme, school syllables and curriculum at all school (primary and secondary) levels were extensively studied in order to capture all the areas of school library collections that must be covered in the new scheme. On the other hand, several other relevant documents such as Government Policies on Education, Minimum Standards for School Libraries in Nigeria, School Libraries Worldwide, etc were studied in order to give the scheme the best possible coverage it deserves. New and contemporary fields/disciplines and subjects were taken into account and geographical areas were adequately and accurately covered/represented.

INTRODUCTION

 (How to use the scheme)

This classification scheme provides a system of organizing school library resources, books and non book resources alike. It has four broad parts summarized below:

Part A covers the summary of the classes (which consists of 20 Main Classes, 100 Divisions and 500 Sections) and the schedule which is a detailed step-by-step analysis and description of all the 500 sections.

Part B is the tables. There are three tables in all:

• Table 1 – Type/Area Subdivision
• Table 2 – Language Subdivision
• Table 3 – Geographic Subdivision

Part C covers the Index which is an alphabetical listing of all the key words (classes) covered by the scheme pointing out where they may be located at the schedule.

PART A

Basically, the scheme uses alpha-numeric (alphabets and numbers) symbols to represent the classes developed. The 20 main classes is developed using the first twenty English alphabets, A – T.  Each alphabet begins the class represented by it except Class D which stands for Education. Class N was however unassigned in order to accommodate new subjects that might come in future and which would be included on the review of the scheme. This mnemonic strategy serves as memory aid for cataloguers (teacher/school librarians) and for the pupils and students who learn faster and easily with mnemonics. This strategy on the other hand assists the user/searcher to find a specific item in the class and invariably directs him/her where related subjects belong.

The classes are arranged alphabetically (not hierarchically). Classes therefore were developed according to subject areas in primary and secondary schools and not by discipline as found with most other classification schemes. This way, each individual class is described appropriately in order to state clearly the exact material to be classed there.

From the 20 main classes, five (5) other classes were created from each class to make 100 divisions.

Example –

A – Audiovisual Resources

            A1 – Cartographic Materials

            A2 – Microforms

            A3 – Graphic Materials

            A4 – Audio and Video Disks

            A5 – Three Dimensional Objects

Each of the 100 divisions gave rise to five (5) other sub-classes making 500 sections. This approach as earlier stated is to be as specific as possible in organizing the resources.

Example –

A3 – Graphic Materials

            A31 – slides and filmstrips

            A32 – posters and cartoons

            A33 – radiographs

            A34 – pictures

            A35 – photographs

In the schedule, there is cross-referencing where the user/searcher is redirected on the classification of materials which are related by content context, form, etc.

For example, this is an extract from the schedule on class A35

A35 – Photographs – Here, class all photographs. Photographs are pictures made using a camera in which an image is focused on to light sensitive material and then made visible and permanent by chemical treatment.

! However, Materials on the art, techniques and processes of Photography are entered under T53

THE TABLES

Thetableis divided into three parts: TABLE 1 – Type/Area Subdivision, TABLE 2 – Geographic Subdivision and TABLE 3 – Language Subdivision.

Numbers derived from the table is not used alone. Instead, they only act as attachments or appendages to numbers derived from the schedule.  The cataloguers (i.e. teacher/school librarian) having classified the material using the schedule is further expected to determine the specific type/area subdivision for that material using the table.

For example, in classifying these two materials, the following class marks is derived:

Physical Geography –                         P33

            Physical Geography in Africa –          P33.01

Note: 01 in the second example is derived from table 2, geographic subdivision.

This subdivision therefore is meant to classify each material as specific as possible thereby reducing possible duplication and assigning of identical numbers to separate works.

With the tables, however, numbers are assigned according to order of precedence. Example, a material on English Grammar for Junior Secondary Students in Nigeria will be classified using the class mark for English Grammar and then appending the number for Junior Students which appeared first in table 1, and not Nigeria (in geographic subdivision) which appeared in Table 2. Thus the class mark for the material is E4.0017 and not E4.130

THE INDEX

The index is the alphabetical listing of all the keywords, concepts, topics, titles, etc used in the scheme and the pages where they may be located.

20 MAIN CLASSES

A – Audiovisual Resources

B – Basic Primary Science, Biology and Agriculture

C – Computer Science and Mathematics

D – Education

E – English Language

F – Fine Art, Craft and Decorative Art

G – General Works

H – History, Government and Politics

I – Indigenous Knowledge

J – Journals and other Periodicals

K – Knowledge Management

L – Literature/Fiction

M – Music

N – (Unassigned)

O – Other Languages (apart from English)

P – Physics, Chemistry and Geography

Q – Quizzes, Etiquettes, Hymns and Morals

R – Religion

S – Social Sciences

T – Technology and Technical Education

100 DIVISIONS

A – Audiovisual Resources

            A1 – Cartographic Materials

            A2 – Microforms

            A3 – Graphic Materials

            A4 – Audio and Video Disks

            A5 – Three Dimensional Objects

B – Basic Primary Science, Biology and Agriculture

            B1 – Basic Primary Science

            B2 – Integrated Science

            B3 – Biology

            B4 – Agriculture

            B5 –

C – Computer Science and Mathematics

            C1 – Computer Appreciation, Maintenance and Installation

            C2 – Computer Hardware and Software

            C3 – Elementary Mathematics, Algebra, Geometry and Calculus

            C4 – Quantitative Reasoning and Statistical Mathematics

            C5 – Computer Design and Data Processing

D – Education

            D1 – School Management and Curriculum

            D2 – Health Education

            D3 – Physical Education

D4 – School Syllables & Guidance and Counseling

D5 – Educational Developments

E – English Language

            E1 – Elementary English

            E2 – Creative Writings and Essays

            E3 – Oral English

            E4 – English Grammar

            E5 – Verbal Reasoning

F – Fine Arts, Crafts and Decorative Art

            F1 – Fine and Applied Art

            F2 – Crafts

            F3 – Drawing and Painting

            F4 – Art Theories and Concepts

            F5 – Textile and Decorative Arts

G – General Works

            G1 – Dictionaries

            G2 – Encyclopedias and Biographies

            G3 – Geographic Sources

            G4 – Bibliographies, Indexes and Abstracts

            G5 – Handbooks, Guides and Manuals

H – History, Government and Politics

            H1 – History

            H2 – Government

H3 – Politics

H4 –

H5 –

I – Indigenous Knowledge

            I1 – Oral Traditions

            I2 – Culture, Customs and Traditions

            I3 – Myths and Legends

I4 – Folklores

I5 – Folk songs, music and dances

J – Journals and other Periodicals

            J1 – Journals

            J2 – Newspapers/Dailies

            J3 – Magazines, Newsletters and Bulletins

            J4 – Yearbooks

            J5 – Calendars and Almanacs

K – Knowledge management

            K1 – Libraries

            K2 – Museums

            K3 – Archives

            K4 – Laboratories

            K5 – Repositories

L – Literature/Fiction

            L1 – Children’s Literature

            L2 – Poetry

            L3 – Drama

            L4 – Prose

            L5 – Literary Essays and Speeches

M – Music

            M1 – Music General Principles

            M2 – Music Harmony and Notes

            M3 – Comparative Music Studies

            M4 – African Music

M5 – Western Music

N – (Unassigned)

            N1

N2

N3

N4

N5

O – Other Languages (apart from English)

            O1 – Igbo Language

            O2 – Hausa Language

            O3 – Yoruba Language

            O4 – French Language

            O5 – Other World Languages

P – Physics, Chemistry and Geography

            P1 – Physics

            P2 – Chemistry

            P3 – Geography

            P4 –

            P5 –

Q – Quizzes, Etiquettes, Hymns and Morals

            Q1 – Quizzes

            Q2 – Etiquettes

Q3 – Moral Instruction

Q4 – Civic Duties and Education

Q5 – Hymns and Recitations

R – Religion

            R1 – Christian Religious Studies

            R2 – Islamic and Arabic Studies

            R3 – African Traditional Religion

            R4 – Religion and Ordinances

            R5 – Other World Religions

S – Social Sciences

            S1 – Social Studies and Economics

            S2 – Accounts and Commerce

            S3 – Home Economics

S4 – Laws and Regulations

S5 – Communications

T – Technology and Technical Education

            T1 – Basic Technology

            T2 – Engineering

            T3 – Building and Architecture

            T4 – Technical Education

            T5 – Information Communication Technology

500 SECTIONS

A – AUDIOVISUAL RESOURCES

A1 – Cartographic Materials

            A11 – maps

            A12 – charts

            A13 – globes

            A14 – block diagrams

            A15 –

A2 – Microforms

            A21 – Micro-film

            A22 – Micro-fitche

            A23 – Ultra-fitche

A24

A25

A3 – Graphic Materials

            A31 – slides and filmstrips

            A32 – posters and cartoons

            A33 – radiographs

            A34 – pictures

            A35 – photographs

A4 – Audio and Video Disks

            A41 – CD-ROM and CD-RW

            A42 – Sound Recordings

            A43 – Motion Pictures

            A44 – Audio Books

            A45

A5 – Three Dimensional Objects

            A51 – Models

            A52 – Realia

A53 – Toys, Games and Puzzles

A54 – Dioramas

A55 –

B – BASIC PRIMARY SCIENCE, BIOLOGY AND AGRICULTURE

B1 – Basic Primary Science

            B11 – Pre-primary Science

            B12 – Primary Science

            B13 –

            B14

            B15

B2 – Integrated Science

            B21 – Basic Integrated Science

            B22

            B23

B24

            B25

B3 – Biology

            B31 – Organisms

            B32 – Plants and Animals

            B33 – Ecology

            B34 – Conservation

            B25 – Genetics

B4 – Agriculture

            B41 – Primary Agriculture

            B42 – Animal Husbandry

            B43 – Crop

            B44 – Soil

            B45 – Techniques and Equipments

B5 –

            B51

B52

B53

B54

B55

C – COMPUTER SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS

C1 – Computer Appreciation, Maintenance and Installation

            C11 – Computer Appreciation

            C12 – Computer Installation

            C13 – Computer Maintenance

C14

C15

C2 – Computer Hardware and Software

            C21 – Computer Hardware

            C22 – Computer Software

            C23 –

            C24 –

            C25 –

C3 – Elementary Mathematics, Algebra, Geometry and Calculus

            C31 – Elementary Mathematics

            C32 – General Mathematics

C33 – Algebra

C34 – Calculus (Further Mathematics)

C35 – Geometry

C4 – Quantitative Reasoning and Statistical Mathematics

            C41 – Quantitative reasoning

            C42 – Probability

            C43 – Set

            C44 – Measure of central Tendency

            C45 –

C5 – Computer Design and Data Processing

            C51 – Microsoft (desktop) publishing

            C52 – Microsoft Excel and Power-point

            C53 – CorelDraw and other Designs

            C54 – Data Processing

            C55 –

D – EDUCATION

D1 – School Management and Curriculum

D11 – School Management

D12 – Pre-primary and Primary School Education

D13 – Secondary Education

D14 – Pre-primary and Primary School Curriculum

D15 – Secondary Curriculum

D2 – Health Education

            D21 – School Health Education

            D22 – Emotional and Mental Health

            D23 – Occupational Health

            D24 – Public Health Education

            D25 –

D3 – Physical Education

            D31 – Psychology of Sports

            D32 – Sociology of Sports

            D33 – Administration of Physical and Health Education

            D34 – Exercise Physiology

D35 – Recreation

D4 – School Syllables & Guidance and Counseling

            D41 – Pre-primary and Primary School Syllable

            D42 – Secondary School Syllable

            D43 – Primary Guidance and Counseling

            D44 – Secondary Guidance and Counseling

            D45 –

D5 – Educational Developments

            D51 – Histories of Education

            D52 – Government Regulations

            D53 – Education Systems

            D54 – Education Policies

            D55 –

E – ENGLISH LANGUAGE

E1 – Elementary English

            E11 – Grammar

            E12 – Composition

            E13 – Writings

            E14 – Drills

            E15 – Idioms and Figurative Language

E2 – Creative Writings and Essays

            E21 – Comprehension

            E22 – Essays

            E23 – Summaries

            E34 –

            E35 –

E3 – Oral English

            E31 – Vowels