TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page i
Approval ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Table of Contents vi
List of Tables ix
Abstract x
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study 1
Statement of the Problem 17
Purpose of the Study 18
Research Questions 18
Research Hypothesis 19
Significance of the Study 19
Scope of the Study 20
Operational Definition of Terms 20
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Preamble 22
Influence of Domestic Labour on Secondary School Students Performance 22
Influence of Absenteeism on Secondary School Students Performance 25
Influence of Commercial Child Labour on Secondary School Students
Performance 26
Influence of Household Poverty on Secondary School Students
Performance 27
Influence of Social Roles in Child Labour on Secondary School Students
Performance 30
Theoretical Framework 32
Conceptual Framework 33
Summary of the Review of Related Literature 34
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY
Preamble 36
Research Design 36
Population, Sample and Sampling Techniques 37
Instrumentation 37
Validity 38
Reliability 38
Procedure for Data Administration and Collection 39
Data Analysis Techniques 39
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS
Preamble 40
Demographic Data 40
Hypotheses Testing 43
Summary of Findings 47
CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION
Preamble 49
Discussion 49
Conclusion 51
Recommendations 51
Suggestions for Further Studies 52
Reference 53
Appendix 58
LIST OF TABLES
Table1: Distribution of Respondents on the basis of Gender, School
Type, Class taught and Teaching Experience. 40
Table 2: Mean and Rank order of respondents on the influence of
child labour on academic performance on secondary school
students. 42
Table 3: Mean, Standard Deviation and t-value of Respondents
on the influence of child labour on students performance on
the basis of genders 44
Table 4: Mean, standard deviation and t-test of Respondents on
influence of child labour on students’ academic
performance on the basis of school type. 44
Table 5: Mean, Standard Decision and t-value of Respondents on
the influence of child labour on students academic
performance on the basis of class taught. 45
Table 6: ANOVA of Respondents on the influence of child labour
on student’s academic performance on the basis of teaching
experience. 46
Table 7: Duncan Multiple Range Test on Teacher’s Teaching
Experience. 47
ABSTRACT
Child Labour is a working child who is under the age of 18 years specified by law. Any child who is involved in gainful employment, feed self and augments family income at the experience of learning for the purpose of school examination success is being subjected to child labour. Influence is the power to make other people agree with your opinions or do what you want. Agents this background, the study examined the influence of child labour on academic performance of secondary school students as perceived by teachers in Ila Local Government.
Data collected were from Ten (10) Secondary Schools in Ila Local Government. Two Hundred (200) respondents were engaged in the study. The percentages t-test and ANOVA statistical method were used for analysis of data collected. The result derived from the analysis revealed that child labour influence academic performance of students as perceived by teachers in Ila Local Government among others. In the hypothesis for influence of child labour on students’ academic performance on the basis of gender, there was no significant different.
In hypothesis for influence child labour on academic performance of students on the basis school types, there was no significant difference. In the hypothesis for influence of child labour on academic performance of students on the basis of class taught, there was no significant difference. In the hypothesis for influence of child labour on academic performance of students on the basis of teaching experience, there was no significant difference.
Based on this findings, it was recommended that parent should be sensitized by the teachers on the importance of their student academics so as to understand their role and involvement in their children’s academic performance. This will make them minimize the child labour at home and make them concentrate in their school work. It was also recommended that, there should be enforcement of law by the Ministry of Education and other education stakeholder to guide the children against child labour that affect their academic performance.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study
According to Pinzo and Hofferth (2008), child labour is a far reaching and complex problem in developing countries. It has existed in various forms (force labour, trafficking and street trading) in different parts of the world since ancient time. The types of child labour vary according to the country’s culture, and family culture, rural or urban residency, socio-economic condition and existing level of development among other factors.
A survey by Global March (2008) stated that child labour emerged as an issue during the industrial revolution when children were forced to work in dangerous conditions for well up to 12 hours in a day. In 1860, 50% of children in England between the ages of 5 and 15 were said to be working. However, 1919 saw the world systematically begin to address the issue of child labour and the International Labour Organization (ILO) adopted standards to eliminate it. Throughout the 20th century, a number of legally binding agreements and international conventions were adopted but despite all this, child labour continues to this day. The highest number of child labourers are said to be in the Asia-pacific region, but the largest percentage of children, as proportion of the child population, is evidently found in sub-Saharan Africa with Nigeria (Ila Local Government, Osun State) having a fair share.
The word child labour is any form of physical, psychological, social, emotional and sexual maltreatment of a child whereby the survival, safety, self-esteem, growth and development of the child are endangered. Herrenkohl (2005) and Psachropoulo (2007), viewed child labour as a disinvestment of social and human capital, a compromising of the development of the individual, and a hindering of the development of skills, abilities, and knowledge necessary to make significant contribution to society, Convention on the Rights of the Child CRC, (2002) described child labour as paid and unpaid work that occurs in any sector, including domestic, and agricultural sectors, that are harmful to children’s mental, physical, social or moral development of the child in the modern society; any work that deprives children opportunity to attend school, obliges them to leave school permanently or requires them to attempt to combine school attendance with excessively long and heavy work is categorized as child labour.
The Article I of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the child, defines a child as any one below the age of 18. Child labour does not only exist in the impoverished areas of developing countries, but also flourish in other developed nations. Though, it is a complex problem in developing countries.
Child labour remains a major source of concern in Nigeria, in spite of legislative measure taken by the government at various levels. In 1998, a report from the International Labour Organization (ILO) estimated that 24.6% of children between the ages 10-14 in Nigeria were working (World Development Indicator 2000). Earlier before that time in 1994, the United Nations children’s Emergency Fund (
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