HIV TRANSMISSION EDUCATIONAL MEDICAL FLIP CHART

CHAPTER ONE

1.0  Introduction

This is the virus (type of germ, pathogen) that causes AIDS. Germs generally cannot be seen with the naked eyes, but visible through a microscope. It takes laboratory tests and often times the signs and symptoms they cause in the infected person to detect their presence. Also HIV is the abbreviation used for the human immune deficiency virus.

HIV attacks the body’s immune system normally, the immune system produce white blood cells and antibodies that attack viruses and bacteria. The infection fighting cells are called T-cell lymphocytes months to years after a person is infected with HIV, the virus destroy all the T-cell lymphocytes. This disables the immune system to defend the body against diseases and tumors. Various infections will be able to develop, these opportunistic infections take advantage of the body’s weakened immune system. These infection which normally won’t cause severe or fatal health problems will eventually cause the death of the HIV patient.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was established as the cause of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 1983. Ever since then, a lot of  research has been conducted and a great deal of information has been generated regarding the ways HIV can be transmitted from one person to another. The problem with much of the information about HIV transmission, especially on the  internet, is that it speaks in very general terms. All too often, advice from one site will directly contradict advice from another site as well. For example, some sources refers to oral sex as “risky” whereas others say it is low “risk” or no “risk”.  Thus can be very frustrating and it also leads to the spread of  misinformation, and frequently a lot of unnecessary worry about the transmission of HIV infection and HIV testing is a medical issue. We have developed this lesson to provide straight forward and accurate information regarding HIV transmission. However, it is important to stress that this lesson – and other sources of HIV. So HIV as the ability to replicate or multiply itself. Increased replication of the virus implies that an infected person is more likely to develop full-brown AIDS. It can be rightly concluded that whereas HIV is the cause, AIDS is the effect. HIV/AIDS can therefore be described as the disease condition arising from the infection of the human body by the AIDS virus also known as HIV. Just using the word AIDS appears to suffice and to be understood by most people when reference is made to the disease. However, the more appropriate and globally accepted name for the syndrome is HIV/AIDS.

Domain md. Yunus co-ordinator medical unit, medical education is geographical domain has boundaries. A landscape mix of inhabitants social system that energizes it and manage in it.   Medical education a life long learning continue  explaining how learner enter the continuum what they experience thereafter how medical practice can be made most useful to  society. The  whole purpose of study medicine to be able to promote health and relieve suffering  come in to focus which is very motivating foundation of medical education, medical education had as its foundation a combination of didactic instruction in the classroom and integrated, hands-on “sacratric method” learning in the clinical setting. The medical council of India MCL regulate on Graduate  medical education, 1997, made it mandatory for all medical colleges to establish medical education units (MEUS) / MET in order to enable faculty members to avail modern education technology for teaching Faculty Development Programmes objective to improve the quality of medical training  by training the teachers aims sensitive teachers and about new concepts in  teaching and assessment methods develop known knowledge and clinical skills required for performing the role of competent and effective teacher.

Focus on how HIV is transmitted. There are many myths and fears relating to HIV transmission. Developing an accurate understanding of HIV transmission is key to a volunteer’s role as a prevention educator, and in helping to reduce the stigma and discrimination against people living with HIV/AIDS. A study on stigma done by the International Center for the Research of Women (ICRW) shared that event though people had learned a little about transmission, it was not enough  to really understand it, and their “what if” scenarios created great fear that lead to stigma and discrimination. The study showed that people need more than hearing messages, they need to talk about what they  heard and to have their “what ifs” answered. In order to become infected HIV, a person must be in direct contact with one of four main  body fluids that transmit HIV. The four fluid that transmit HIV are: blood, vaginal fluid, breast milk developed for use in group education sessions, this flip chat provides information about HIV transmission and prevention including the role of voluntary medical male circumcision in reducing entails, and need for continuing condom use after circumcision  for maximum HIV protection.

1.1  Background of the Study

Although it is stressful enough to have a life threatening disease like cancer or heart disease, individuals with the HIV infection also face social challenges based on other people’s and society’s reaction to the disease. Our approach which examines the social issues faced by the HIV infected person in his or her daily life, complements other approaches that address the medical aspects of HIV and AIDS and the reducing “at-risk” behaviour that might transmit the HIV infection to others.

Bartlett, 1996; Leland, 1996), living with HIV involves considerable uncertainty about the state of one’s health. The number of death’s due to AIDS has decreased recently among those individuals using the antiretroviral combination therapies (Joyce, 1997). Nevertheless, the impact of AIDS has been enormous. For instance, by November 20, 1996, a total of 15,44067 AIDS  cases in adult and children had been reported  to the world health organization (WHO) since the beginning of this Worldwide epidemic. Coping with HIV also depends in evitably on the stage of  the HIV infection. Given that HIV-infected person may face differ if they  learnt about the infection strictly after contracting the infection, during the relatively long time period.

Hoffman, 1996, Kalichman, 1995) coping with the HIV infection will depend jointly on the personal and social resources available to the person, as well as on the stage of HIV infection and the medical and economic assets the person has to tend to prescribe antiretroviral  treatment shortly after HIV is contracted or with less advanced  disease progression, the concept of coping with “stages” of HIV may have to be revised in the future based on medical developments (Kahn and Hecht, 1996).

1.2  statement of the Problem   

       There is a global concern about people living with HIV both the adults, children, and even pregnancy women.  The World Health Organisation (WHO) stipulates a comprehensive attention for HIV infection patients. For instance by November 20, 1996, a total of 1,544,067 AIDS cases in adults and children had been reported to the world health organization, since the beginning of this world wide epidemic. Also free medical attentions has been rendered for people who are HIV infected patients.

1.3 Motivation

The study of HIV transmission-educational medical flip chart, it is believed that HIV is the virus (type of germ, pathogen) that causes AIDS, which kill. As such this tudy is keyed at proffering solution through which mother to child HIV transmission can be prevented. And also the transmission of virus among young people and advocacy for new prevention technologies, voluntary counselling testing and referral, education and communication and widespread knowledge and create awareness to people on how HIV is transmitted.

1.4  Aim/Objectives

       The aim of the work is to carry out study on HIV transmission educational  medical flipchart.

Objectives of the study include:

• To investigate how HIV is transmitted and how infection can be averted.
• The aim of the work is to carry out study on how to find out way to ensure that sufficient investments are made in the research and development of, and advocacy for, new prevention technologies.
• To find out ways to focus on HIV prevention among young people.
• The aim of the work is to carryout study on how to find out ways to promote greater access to voluntary HIV counselling and testing while promoting principles of confidentiality and consent.
• The aim of the work is to carryout study on how to proffer ways of reducing the effect of HIV transmission.

1.5  Methodology

       Research design

A research design is a strategy or outline plan in which data for a study will be collected. It is also plan which states the process of collecting data for the purpose of answering the research questions to help achieve the objectives of the study.

Instrument of Data Collection

       The instruments used in this study were questionnaire and interview schedule. The questionnaire contained questions that assessed the background characteristics of the respondents.

Sources of data

The  data used in this study were collected from two sources namely; primary and secondary sources. In the primary source, the researcher colleted information directly from the respondents. The data collected from the primary source were used in data presentation. In secondary source, data were collected from the internet, newspaper, books and were used especially in the review of literature.

Sample Size

The samples includes young girls and young boys, men and women who range from 15-19 years of age.

Method of Data Collection

       Data for this study were collected by the researcher. The respondents were met in schools. To collect the needed data, the researcher first disclosed the objectives of the study to the respondents and requested their objectives responses. For the respondents who were interviewed, the questions were asked in English language.

Method of Data Analysis

       The methods used to analyze the data collected in this study include discussion of responses given by they respondents.

1.6  Significance  of the Study

The study is significance for the following reasons:

• It will helps to promote widespread knowledge and awareness of how HIV is transmitted and how infection can be averted.
• It will helps to review and reform legal frameworks to remove barriers to effective-evidence-based HIV prevention combat stigma with HIV or are vulnerable or at risk of HIV.
• It will helps to ensure that sufficient investments are made in the research and development of, and advocacy for, new prevention technologies.
• It will helps to provide HIV-related information and education to enable individuals to protect themselves from infection.
• It will helps to ensure that human rights are promoted, protected and respected and that measures are taken to climate discrimination and combat stigma.