LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CDC – Centre for Disease, Control and Prevention
DHS – Department of Health Service (Wisconsin)
PHMCDG – Public Health Medicine Communicable Disease Group
SAH – South Australian Health
WHO – World Health Organization
ABSTRACT
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
BACKGROUND OF STUDY 2
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 3
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES 5
RESEARCH QUESTIONS 5
SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY 6
SCOPE OF STUDY 6
LIMITATIONS TO STUDY 7
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS 7
CHAPTER TWO
INTRODUCTION 9
CONCEPT OF HAND WASHING AND DISEASE CONTROL 9
THE LINK BETWEEN HAND HYGIENE AND INFECTION 13
EMPIRICAL FRAMEWORK 17
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 21
CHAPTER THREE
SOURCES OF DATA 23
POPULATION OF THE STUDY 23
DETERMINATION OF SAMPLE SIZE 24
STUDY AREA 25
DESCRIPTION OF THE RESEARCH INSTRUMENT 26
RESEARCH DESIGN 27
VALIDITY OF THE INSTRUMENT 27
RELIABILITY OF THE INSTRUMENT 28
METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS 28
CHAPTER FOUR
INTRODUCTION 29
DATA ANALYSIS 32
DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS 42
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS 53
CONCLUSION 56
RECOMMENDATIONS 60
REFERENCES 62
APPENDIX
QUESTIONNAIRE 69
ABSTRACT
The purpose of the thesis was to study the knowledge and practice of hand washing as a measure of disease control among students in AfeBabalola University. The goal was to know how well the knowledge of hand hygiene is known to the students and their attitudes towards maintaining good hand hygiene and to find possible ways for better adherence. The quantitative research method was used. Questionnaire was divided in 4 sections and distributed to students who were used for the study as respondents. Results from the findings indicated that majority of the students maintained good hygiene prior and after eating. The students also maintain good hand hygiene after using the restroom.
The results revealed that although majority of the students wash hands during these cases most of them do not fully know or understand the right procedures and techniques of proper and effective hand hygiene and the right use of alcohol hand rub in the prevention of illness. In the conclusion it came to attention that there is the need for further education for the students on the various procedures of proper hand and personal hygiene to effectively prevent the spread of infection and diseases. It was recommended to hold hand hygiene educational events interesting enough to attract students from all the various fields of study to participate.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Health associated infections are the most common adverse event in health care resulting in a significant burden on patients, their families, and health care systems (WHO, 2012). In addition, every time a patient is treated for a health care-associated infection, the opportunity for microorganisms to develop resistance to antimicrobial drugs increases. The increasing incidence of multi-drug resistant organisms and emerging infections such as Ebola virus disease continue to heighten the need for taking every possible measure to control the spread of infectious diseases. Hand hygiene is the leading measure for preventing the spread of pathogens and reducing health care-associated infections, but health care providers’ adherence to recommended practices remains suboptimal in most settings, and improvement is difficult to sustain (WHO, 2012). The hand hygiene practices of health care providers, the reasons for suboptimal practice, and the intractable nature of changing practice have been extensively researched; based on this research, an increasing number of health care agencies are implementing programs aimed at addressing the barriers to hand hygiene. Barriers to hand hygiene are highly complex and multifactorial, influenced by elements at both the organizational and individual levels (WHO, 2012). Common barriers at the organizational level include inadequate hand hygiene facilities and workplace climates that do not value or emphasize the importance of hand hygiene. At the individual level, habits developed early in life and a lack of knowledge combined with misconceptions about hand hygiene during the delivery of care produce barriers to appropriate practice. While single one-time interventions that do not address the multiple barriers have been unsuccessful in sustained improvements in hand hygiene practices, on-going multimodal programs have been more effective (WHO, 2013). Key elements of successful programs include system change within the organization, combined with on-going education, and assessment and performance feedback to health care providers. University students represent the future workforce and must be prepared to demonstrate professional accountability and safe practice (Alberta, 2013). Hand hygiene is a basic skill and key component of safety, and affects the morbidity and mortality of students in all health care settings (PHAC, 2012).
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