CONSTRUCTOIN OF AN OPEN STEAM DISTILLATOIN COLUMN
ABSTRACT
We constructed an open steam distillation column with the following specifications:-
FOR THE COLUMN
Height of column = 500mm
Length of pot = 50mm
Diameter of pot = 5mm
FOR THE STILL
Port of thickness = 500mm
Length of pot = 300mm
Diameter of pot = 100mm
FOR THE CONDESER
Condenser thickness = 2mm
Diameter of the connecting = 20mm
Pipe =
Length of pot = 200mm
Diameter of pot = 2mm
Generally, the material used in the construction (open steam distillation column) was mild steel sheet and galvanized sheet.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Distillation is a separating technique in which two liquids are separated at essentially the same temperature and pressure. It is also the term used to describe the operation where the vaporization of a liquid mixture yields a vapor phase containing more than one constituents and it is desired to recover one or more of this constituents in a nearly pure state.
It would probably be beneficial to define the terms that describe the process and related properties. Let us begin by describing the process by which a substance transformed from the condensed phase to the gas phase. For liquid, this process is called VAPORIZATION and for a solid it is called SUBMIATIN, both processes requires heat. All substances regardless whether they are liquids or solids are characterized by a vapor pressure. The vapor pressure of a pure substance is the pressure exerted by the substance against the external pressure which is usually atmospheric pressure. Vapor pressure is a measure of the tendency to escape. When the vapor pressure of a liquid substance reaches the external pressure the substance is observed to Boil. If the external pressure is atmospheric pressure, the temperature at which a pure substance boils is called the NORMAL BOILING POINT. Solid substances are not characterized by a similar phenomena called BOILING. They simply vaporize directly into the atmosphere.
Generally speaking, distillation, stripping, absorption, humidification are industrial stage wise operations which involves the contact of two phases in various apparatus. Completion of separation depends upon certain properties of components involved and the arrangement of the distillation process.
The properties involved are:
– Mode of temperature and process control
– The relative volatility between the liquid and vapor phases
– The production capacity of the distiller
– The type of distillation involved
However, the importance of distillation in commercial process is the purification of a large variety of material and petroleum industries. It is applied in the production of hot drinks in chemical industries. Also, applied in oil companies for the separation of petroleum into its various components e.g kerosene, diesel, gasoline, petrol, fuel, oil, lubricating oil, paraffin wax, aliphatic etc. Lastly, it is equally applied in pharmaceutical industries for the production of ethylated spirits and many other medical strubs.
Terms of Use: This is an academic paper. Students should NOT copy our materials word to word, as we DO NOT encourage Plagiarism. Only use as a guide in developing your original research work. Thanks.
Disclaimer: All undertaking works, records, and reports posted on this website, eprojectguide.com are the property/copyright of their individual proprietors. They are for research reference/direction purposes and the works are publicly supported. Do not present another person’s work as your own to maintain a strategic distance from counterfeiting its results. Use it as a guide and not duplicate the work in exactly the same words (verbatim). eprojectguide.com is a vault of exploration works simply like academia.edu, researchgate.net, scribd.com, docsity.com, course hero, and numerous different stages where clients transfer works. The paid membership on eprojectguide.com is a method by which the site is kept up to help Open Education. In the event that you see your work posted here, and you need it to be eliminated/credited, it would be ideal if you call us on +2348064699975 or send us a mail along with the web address linked to the work, to eprojectguide@gmail.com. We will answer to and honor each solicitation. Kindly note notification it might take up to 24 – 48 hours to handle your solicitation.