ABSTRACT
The potentials of Saw dust, Rice husk and Groundnut shells were investigated for bioethanol production. The substrates were pretreated using 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% solution of dilute H2SO4 and HCl. The pretreated substrates were thermally treated at 1050C in order to detoxify them. The pretreated substrates obtained using different concentrations of acids were fermented using Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Yeast). The results show that Rice husk treated with 4% H2SO4(2.689% dryweight) has the highest result followed by the same sample treated with 2% H2SO4 (2.423%drywieght) then followed by the Saw dust treated with 8% H2SO4 (1.802%dryweight) in which the least result is observed with groundnut shells treated with 8% H2SO4 (0.862%dryweight). All these were observed to be significantly different as calculated and checked between individuals differences at 0.5% confidence limit using ANOVA. Also from the results, it is clear that the samples treated with sulphuric acid treatments were better at reserving the actual sugar (glucose) content. While samples treated with HCl has their sugar content reduced; as this shows the effect of thermal treatment and detoxification processes involved. Conclusively, individual substrates treated are said to be in different acid measures. Thus, saw dust is optimum at 8% H2SO4 and 6% HCl while rice husk shows its optimum progress at 6% in both H2SO4 and HCl. and ground nut shells are good at 4% H2SO4 and 6% HCl acid treatments.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW
1.1 Introduction
Biofuels (Bioethanol, Biodiesel, and Biogas) are fuels produced from biomass (a biodegradable material) for heating, electricity generation and transport purposes etc (Garba, 1999). Bioethanol can be produced from any biological feedstock’s that contains appreciable amount of sugar/carbohydrate or materials that can be converted into sugar such as starch or cellulose. Ethanol from renewable resources has been of interest in recent decades as an alternative fuel to the current fossil fuels. Lignocelluloses biomass like wood and agricultural crops residue, e.g., straw and sugar beet pulp are potential raw materials for producing several high-value products like fuel ethanol and biodiesel (Yoswathana et al.,2010).
Terms of Use: This is an academic paper. Students should NOT copy our materials word to word, as we DO NOT encourage Plagiarism. Only use as a guide in developing your original research work. Thanks.
Disclaimer: All undertaking works, records, and reports posted on this website, eprojectguide.com are the property/copyright of their individual proprietors. They are for research reference/direction purposes and the works are publicly supported. Do not present another person’s work as your own to maintain a strategic distance from counterfeiting its results. Use it as a guide and not duplicate the work in exactly the same words (verbatim). eprojectguide.com is a vault of exploration works simply like academia.edu, researchgate.net, scribd.com, docsity.com, course hero, and numerous different stages where clients transfer works. The paid membership on eprojectguide.com is a method by which the site is kept up to help Open Education. In the event that you see your work posted here, and you need it to be eliminated/credited, it would be ideal if you call us on +2348064699975 or send us a mail along with the web address linked to the work, to eprojectguide@gmail.com. We will answer to and honor each solicitation. Kindly note notification it might take up to 24 – 48 hours to handle your solicitation.