ABSTRACT
This project was done to extract and characterize groundnut oil according to their particle sizes. The experiment was carried out using groundnut (i.e. ‘’, ‘Ijilizi’or ‘Azamu’) as sample. The oils were extracted by solvent extraction /leaching extraction using n-hexane. Proximate analysis was carried out to obtain percentage moisture content, ash content, total oil content, protein content and carbohydrate content of the extracted oils. From observation, it was noticed that as the diameter of the sieve decreased, the quantity of oil obtained increased
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page………………………………………………………. i
Certification……………………………………………………ii
Dedication……………………………………………………… iii
Acknowledgement…………………………………………….. iv
Abstract………………………………………………………… v
Table of contents………………………………………………. vi
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction……………………………………………………..1
Background of study…………………………………………….1
Problem of statement…………………………………………….4
Objectives of study………………………………………………5
Significance of study…………………………………………….5
Justification of study…………………………………………….6
CHAPTER TWO
Literature review………………………………………………7
Preamble……………………………………………………….7
Importance of oils………………………………………………8
Proximate composition of oil…………………….…………….10
Moisture content …………………………….…………………11
Ash content………………………………………………………11
Crude protein……………………………………………………12
Crude fat…………………………………………………………12
Crude fibre………………………………………………………13
Carbohydrate…………………………………………………….13
Concept of vegetable oil extraction………………………………14
The role of moisture and temperature in oil extraction………….14
Traditional extraction of vegetable oil………………….………..16
Solvent extraction of vegetable oil/leaching method…………….17
Solvent characteristics……………………………………………18
Mechanical expression of vegetable oil…………..………………22
Quality oil assessment……………………………………………23
Objective method of assessing oil quality………………………..24
Properties of oil…………………………………………………..25
CHAPTER THREE
Materials and method……………………………………………..28
Raw materials and equipment used……………………………….28
Equipments…………………………………………………………29
Reagent ……………………………………………………………29
Oil extraction and separation experiments…………………………29
CHAPTER FOUR
Result and discussion………………………………………………31
Experimental results……………………………………………….31
CHAPTER FIVE
Conclusion and recommendation……………………………………37
Appendixes…………………………………………………………..39
References……………………………………………………………42
CHAPTER ONE
There has been an increase in the world production of oilseeds over the last thirty years (Murphy, 1994); this would appear to be related to the increasing demand for oilseed products and by-products as oilseeds are primarily grown for their oil and meal.
Oils from most edible oilseeds are used in the food industry, though there is growing emphasis on industrial utilization as feedstock for several industries with about 80% of the world production of vegetable oils for human consumption. The remaining 20% utilization is between animal and chemical industries (Murphy, 1994).
According to Rajagopal et al. (2005), bio-oils from oilseeds are used as Straight Vegetable Oil (SVO) or as biodiesel (trans esterified oil) depending on type of engine and level of blend of the oil; groundnut oil i.e. , Ijiliji, or Azamu is found mainly in the South-East of Nigeria and is not an exception. This phenomenon has created a school of thought that it is better to use oilseeds as bio-fuel, which will lessen the competition for fossil fuels, which are not renewable. Fossil fuels are not only costly in terms of price but are also costly to the environment as they degrade land, pollute water and cause a general destabilization of the ecosystem with global warming as an end result. Furthermore, crude oil wields socio-political power that often dictates the pace of economic growth in specific locations, especially non-oil producing nations.
Nevertheless, the petroleum industry requires a greater quantity of oil to meet its demand.
Terms of Use: This is an academic paper. Students should NOT copy our materials word to word, as we DO NOT encourage Plagiarism. Only use as a guide in developing your original research work. Thanks.
Disclaimer: All undertaking works, records, and reports posted on this website, eprojectguide.com are the property/copyright of their individual proprietors. They are for research reference/direction purposes and the works are publicly supported. Do not present another person’s work as your own to maintain a strategic distance from counterfeiting its results. Use it as a guide and not duplicate the work in exactly the same words (verbatim). eprojectguide.com is a vault of exploration works simply like academia.edu, researchgate.net, scribd.com, docsity.com, course hero, and numerous different stages where clients transfer works. The paid membership on eprojectguide.com is a method by which the site is kept up to help Open Education. In the event that you see your work posted here, and you need it to be eliminated/credited, it would be ideal if you call us on +2348064699975 or send us a mail along with the web address linked to the work, to eprojectguide@gmail.com. We will answer to and honor each solicitation. Kindly note notification it might take up to 24 – 48 hours to handle your solicitation.