TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Table of contents v
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Background of study 1
1.2 Statements of the problems 2
1.3 Aim and objectives 2
1.3.1 Aim 2
1.3.2 Objectives 3
1.4 Scope of research 3
1.5 Definition of terms 3
1.5.1 Trace gas 3
1.5.2 Pollution 3
1.5.3 Animal waste 3
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature review 4
2.1 Carbon dioxide emission 4
2.2 Methane emission 4
2.3 Nitrous Oxide Emission 5
2.4 Non Point Pollution 5
2.5 Pollution from animal waste harms 6
2.6 Waste management practices should be improve 6
2.7 Data sources and Limit 7
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Methodology 8
3.1 Description of study area 8
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Result and Discussion 9
4.1 Data Obtained from the field 9
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Conclusion and Recommendation 18
5.1 Conclusion 18
5.2 Recommendation 18
References 19
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Data Obtained for day 1 9
Table 2: Data Obtained for day 2 10
Table 3: Data Obtained for day 3 11
Table 4: Data Obtained for day 4 12
Table 5: Data Obtained for day 5 13
Table 6: Compress Field Value Results In ppm 14
Table 7: Compress field value results in tons 14
Table 8: Output of IWM tools 15
Table 9: Comparism of output 17
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Atmospheric emission of methane (CH4) associated with animal waste are worldwide problem and may contribute to a detrimental impact on the environment.
CH4 are important green house gases that are produced anthropogenic ally but mainly by plant, animal waste and from natural geothermal source. Other green house gases include CO2, NH3.
‘Greenhouse’ gases are gases that have a molecular structure such that they obstruct the radiation of heat from the earth, thus acting like the glass or membrane over a greenhouse. The gases that are most effective at absorbing this radiated heat are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydro fluorocarbons and sculpture hexafluoride.
The above ‘greenhouse’ gases have differing abilities to absorb the heat radiated from the earth and are assigned factors (their ‘global warning potential’) based on their absorbing ability relative to that of carbon dioxide. The factors depend on the lifetime over which the effect of the gases is assessed. A gas which is quickly removed from the atmosphere may initially have a large effect but over a longer period the effect will be much less important.
Waste products are valuable resources as fertilizer and suitable to be applied to crops and pastures. However. When concentrated into relatively small geographical area or applied in excessive amounts, waste can have detrimental environmental effects. This can results in enhanced CO2, CH4 and NS0 emission to the atmosphere influencing global warming and destruction of the ozone layer (mosier, 1998). These gases have long atmospheric lifetimes, are consequently fairly well mixed and therefore of global as well as local or regional importance. They represent a most serious threat to global climate in terms of greenhouse effect and their overall radioactive forcing from pre industrial time to date were estimated as 1.85,0.15 and 0.1.2Wm-2 respectively. Anthropogenic sources account for 70% of the total annual release of CH4, 16% of which coming from production of waste (IPCC, 1994). Soil microbial processes accesses account for 65% of the total N2) source strength (5 to 5 TG year-1). These researches measured the emission of NH3 using ToxiREA pro and modeling to estimate emission by Gabi 6 tools.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Scientist agree that even a small increase in the global temperature would led to significant climate and whether changes, affecting cloud cover, precipitation, wind patterns, the frequency and severity of storms, and the duration of season.
1.3.1 AIM
The aim of the project is to model trace gas pollution from Ilorin animal waste dumpsite.
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